In python, why use logging instead of print?

In python, why use logging instead of print?

The logging package has a lot of useful features:

• Easy to see where and when (even what line no.) a logging call is being made from.
• You can log to files, sockets, pretty much anything, all at the same time.
• You can differentiate your logging based on severity.

Print doesnt have any of these.

Also, if your project is meant to be imported by other python tools, its bad practice for your package to print things to stdout, since the user likely wont know where the print messages are coming from. With logging, users of your package can choose whether or not they want to propogate logging messages from your tool or not.

One of the biggest advantages of proper logging is that you can categorize messages and turn them on or off depending on what you need. For example, it might be useful to turn on debugging level messages for a certain part of the project, but tone it down for other parts, so as not to be taken over by information overload and to easily concentrate on the task for which you need logging.

Also, logs are configurable. You can easily filter them, send them to files, format them, add timestamps, and any other things you might need on a global basis. Print statements are not easily managed.

In python, why use logging instead of print?

Print statements are sort of the worst of both worlds, combining the negative aspects of an online debugger with diagnostic instrumentation. You have to modify the program but you dont get more, useful code from it.

An online debugger allows you to inspect the state of a running program; But the nice thing about a real debugger is that you dont have to modify the source; neither before nor after the debugging session; You just load the program into the debugger, tell the debugger where you want to look, and youre all set.

Instrumenting the application might take some work up front, modifying the source code in some way, but the resulting diagnostic output can have enormous amounts of detail, and can be turned on or off to a very specific degree. The python logging module can show not just the message logged, but also the file and function that called it, a traceback if there was one, the actual time that the message was emitted, and so on. More than that; diagnostic instrumentation need never be removed; Its just as valid and useful when the program is finished and in production as it was the day it was added; but it can have its output stuck in a log file where its not likely to annoy anyone, or the log level can be turned down to keep all but the most urgent messages out.

anticipating the need or use for a debugger is really no harder than using ipython while youre testing, and becoming familiar with the commands it uses to control the built in pdb debugger.

When you find yourself thinking that a print statement might be easier than using pdb (as it often is), Youll find that using a logger pulls your program in a much easier to work on state than if you use and later remove print statements.

I have my editor configured to highlight print statements as syntax errors, and logging statements as comments, since thats about how I regard them.